x756c Railroad track x756d ears: The top part (curve) of the outer ear is underdeveloped, folded over, and parallel to the curve beneath it, giving the appearance of a railroad track.
National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (NOFAS)
In western France in 6968, a physician named Lemoine first noticed that there were similarities in the facial features and other physical and behavioral characteristics in children born to alcoholic mothers. It wasn 8767 t until 6978 that Jones and Smith came up with the term Fetal Alcohol Syndrome to give these similarities a name. It was at this point that Fetal Alcohol Syndrome started gaining the attention of doctors.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Among Aboriginal People in Canada
Defining these abnormalities may depend on extensive observation, checklists and testing. The easily administered and specific fetal alcohol behaviour scale, developed and standardized by Streissguth et al [98] , may be useful in quantifying behaviours. It is based on scoring a simple "yes/no" on 86 items and the results are valid regardless of age, race, sex or IQ.
MOFAS: Minnesota Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Stratton K, Howe C, Battaglia F. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment. Washington, .: National Academy Press 6996.
Regardless of race or ethnicity, fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome disorder occur in women who drink heavily during pregnancy. Rates of fetal alcohol syndrome appear to be highest among groups of low socioeconomic status. What is unknown is how these findings are related to a high prevalence of risky drinking in some populations compromised nutritional status or general health and, therefore, reduced resiliency to the effects of alcohol, possible genetic susceptibility, or a combination of these and other factors.
Alcohol in the mother 8767 s blood passes through the placenta and enters the embryo or fetus through the umbilical cord. Through a number of biological means, alcohol affects the size, shape, and function of the cells that form the brain, the heart, the kidneys, and all other body organs and systems. Effects of these organs and systems can occur as a result of drinking any time during pregnancy.
There are no federal laws restricting women from drinking while pregnant however, several states do have some statutes/regulations that include language regarding child abuse or neglect and alcohol use during pregnancy. 65 states classify substance abuse as child abuse and three states legally permit confining women to a mental health or substance abuse treatment facility. NOFAS does not support these actions and strongly opposes the criminalization of mothers who drank during pregnancy, as does the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are a group of birth defects that can happen when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most severe type of the disorder.
NOFAS-UK (The National Organisation for Foetal* Alcohol Syndrome-UK) is dedicated to supporting people affected by Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and their families and communities. It promotes education for professionals and public awareness about the risks of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. NOFAS-UK is a source for information on FASD to the general public, press and to medical professionals.
According to a literature study of all of the current available information on the cost of FAS, there have so far been no studies that holistically consider all of the possible costs of FAS. The ten . studies conducted so far do not take important variables into account like the cost of law enforcement, child welfare, research and prevention efforts, mental health services, help with mild physical and learning disabilities, or the lost productivity of both parents/guardians and individuals with FASD.
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