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Types of Surveys - Western Michigan University

Posted on the 05 April 2017 by Ruperttwind @RuperttWind
Date: 2017-04-05 18:27 More videos "Telephone surveys advantages and disadvantages"

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7 People who took phone surveys were more likely than those who took Web surveys to say that certain groups of people - such as gays and lesbians, Hispanics, and blacks - faced "a lot" of discrimination. Here, the impact of the mode of interview varied by the race and ethnicity of the respondents.

Surveys: Questionnaires, Interviews, and Telephone Polls

So, what's going on here? These examples are consistent with the theory that when people are interacting with an interviewer, they are more likely to give answers that paint themselves or their communities in a positive light, and less likely to portray themselves negatively. This appears to be the case with the questions presenting the largest differences in the study - satisfaction with family and social life, as well as questions about the ability to pay for food and medical care. These findings are consistent with other research that has found that when there is a human interviewer, respondents tend to give answers that would be considered more socially desirable - a phenomenon known as the "social desirability bias."

Different types of surveys make different demands of personnel. Interviews require interviewers who are motivated and well-trained. Group administered surveys require people who are trained in group facilitation. Some studies may be in a technical area that requires some degree of expertise in the interviewer.

Surveys can be divided into two broad categories: the questionnaire and the interview . Questionnaires are usually paper-and-pencil instruments that the respondent completes. Interviews are completed by the interviewer based on the respondent says. Sometimes, it's hard to tell the difference between a questionnaire and an interview. For instance, some people think that questionnaires always ask short closed-ended questions while interviews always ask broad open-ended ones. But you will see questionnaires with open-ended questions (although they do tend to be shorter than in interviews) and there will often be a series of closed-ended questions asked in an interview.

On the political questions, however, other recent research has suggested that when interviewers are presenting the questions, respondents may choose answers that are less likely to produce an uncomfortable interaction with the interviewer. This dynamic may also be in effect among black respondents on the phone who - compared with those surveyed on the Web - are less likely to tell an interviewer that blacks face a lot of discrimination. In the interest of maintaining rapport with an interviewer, respondents may self-censor or moderate their views in ways that they would not online.

The ability to reach respondents is one challenge of surveys. However, surveys have several advantages and disadvantages. They are as follows:

A screening question may be needed to determine whether the respondent is qualified to answer your question of interest. For instance, you wouldn't want to ask someone their opinions about a specific computer program without first "screening" them to find out whether they have any experience using the program. Sometimes you have to screen on several variables (., age, gender, experience). The more complicated the screening, the less likely it is that you can rely on paper-and-pencil instruments without confusing the respondent.

Over the past decade-plus, the use of online and mobile methods for market research has skyrocketed. Due to ever-increasing technological advances, it has become possible for do-it-yourself researchers to design, conduct and analyze their own surveys for literally a fraction of the cost and time it would have taken in the past.

Types of Surveys - Western Michigan University

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